UNIT-1-CLASS-XII

Unit I: Computational Thinking and Programming - 2

● Revision of the basics of Python covered in Class XI.

● Functions: scope, parameter passing, mutable/immutable properties of data objects, passing strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries to functions,

default parameters, positional parameters, return values, functions using libraries: mathematical and string functions.

● File handling: Need for a data file, Types of file: Text files, Binary files and CSV (Comma separated values) files.

● Text File: Basic operations on a text file: Open (filename – absolute or relative path, mode) / Close a text file, Reading and Manipulation of data from a text file, Appending data into a text file, standard input / output and error streams, relative and absolute paths.

● Binary File: Basic operations on a binary file: Open (filename –absolute or relative path, mode) / Close a binary file, Pickle Module –methods load and dump; Read, Write/Create, Search, Append and

Update operations in a binary file.

● CSV File: Import csv module, functions – Open / Close a csv file,Read from a csv file and Write into a csv file using csv.reader ( ) and csv.writerow( ).

● Using Python libraries: create and import Python libraries.

● Recursion: simple algorithms with recursion: print a message forever, sum of first n natural numbers, factorial, Fibonacci numbers;recursion on arrays: binary search.

● Idea of efficiency: performance measurement in terms of the number of operations.

● Data-structures: Lists as covered in Class XI, Stacks – Push, Pop using a list, Queues – Insert, Delete using a list.