UNIT-2 CLASS XII

UNIT II: COMPUTER NETWORKS

● Evolution of Networking: ARPANET, Internet, Interspace Different

ways of sending data across the network with reference to switching

techniques (Circuit and Packet switching).

● Data Communication terminologies: Concept of Channel, Bandwidth

(Hz, KHz, MHz) and Data transfer rate (bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps,

Tbps).

● Transmission media: Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber,

infrared, radio link, microwave link and satellite link.

● Network devices: Modem, RJ45 connector, Ethernet Card, Router,

Switch, Gateway, WiFi card.

● Network Topologies and types: Bus, Star, Tree, PAN, LAN, WAN,

MAN.

● Network Protocol: TCP/IP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), PPP, HTTP,

SMTP, POP3, Remote Login (Telnet) and Internet, Wireless / Mobile

Communication protocol such as GSM, GPRS and WLL.

● Mobile Telecommunication Technologies: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G;

Mobile processors;

Electronic mail protocols such as SMTP, POP3, Protocols for Chat

and Video Conferencing: VoIP, Wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi

and WiMax

● Network Security Concepts:

Threats and prevention from Viruses, Worms, Trojan horse, Spams

Use of Cookies, Protection using Firewall, https;

India IT Act, Cyber Law, Cyber Crimes, IPR issues, hacking.

● Introduction To Web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language

(HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML); Hyper Text Transfer

Protocol (HTTP); Domain Names; URL; Website, Web browser, Web

Servers; Web Hosting, Web Scripting – Client side (VB Script, Java

Script, PHP) and Server side (ASP, JSP, PHP), Web 2.0 (for social

networking)

● E-commerce payment transactions using online banking, mobile

banking, payment apps and services.